Procurement - Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Procurement - Assignment 2 - Essay Example ent system is vital since the correct choice may help to avoid eventualities that might negatively impact on time, costs and quality; to ensure that the project’s goals are attained. One needs to consider a variety of factors from the project’s internal and external environment in which the industry operates. A point to note is that different projects may require different systems based on a project’s features (Hashim, Yuet, Chu, Hooi, Heng & Yong 2006). Procurement systems are divided into three categories namely; traditional, management contracting and design and build methods. These three categories have different influences on each factor. The following factors are may be considered in the construction of site in Chelmsford. Time, complexity, price certainty, government policy, price completion, responsibility, risk avoidance and familiarity of procurement methods (Hashim, Yuet, Chu, Hooi, Heng & Yong 2006). Time is of fundamental when deciding which procurement system to acquire for construction purposes. Time described here is from inception to completion stage. If the completion deadline is not met due to an inefficient procurement system, extra or overrun costs will be incurred by the contractor making the project expensive. The procurement system should monitor the lead-time schedules to ensure that the functional spaces are completed within the required time and start generating income. The client being a private firm, completion time of the project is truly crucial and of importance to them (Hashim, Yuet, Chu, Hooi, Heng & Yong 2006). Therefore, the procurement system must be comprehensive in planning and its schedules to achieve deadlines and other timelines required. Time as a factor is affected by the given procurement methods in the following ways. Design and build method is advantageous for a client who wants a quick return on their investment. The client may employ manageme nt contracting method in order to reduce the project

Some Aplication of Mechanical Engineering Term Paper

Some Aplication of Mechanical Engineering - Term Paper Example Mechanical engineering demonstrates its diversity in solving various challenges as mechatronics shows by providing a platform where sensors, actuators, signaling, electrical control, algorithms alongside computing assistance to provide stability to various connectivity needs in engineering systems. Apparently, the root of the name originates from mechanical and electronics, which implies that both phases of intervention towards solving specific challenges are crucial in the design of engineering products. Four main systems are managed in mechatronics namely, information, mechanical, computer and electrical, to provide a composite application in which mechanical engineering is put to test. Commonest application designs for mechatronics include home security applications, implant devices, jet engines, robotics, antilock brake, and intelligent highways among many more designs. The basic applications in this category appears to be and structural control (Bolton, 1995). To this end, the m echatronics aspect of mechanical engineering is considered key in industrial and semi-conductor revolutions as discussed below. Massive mechanical energy utilization fueled he industrial revolution that shaped the human civilization and introduced unprecedented differences to quality of life. Mechanical engineering designs formed the bulk of the industry that was rapidly taking shape from astronomical demand for energy to power the revolution. Gears and levers were among the commonest components of the mechanical engineering designs. Other components utilized in the revolution included cams and linkages that assisted in reduction of power demand and inefficiency incurred. Improvements towards the later stages of the revolution introduced mechatronics components that integrated electrical enhancement for the engineering designs (Fukuda, Harshama and Tomizuka, 1996). Learning from the potential that electronic enhancement could bring to mechanical designs, the world was prepared to

Project Manager Status Report Essay Example for Free

Project Manager Status Report Essay Provide a quick executive overview of the status of the project in this section It is intended for high level management so it should not get too much into the details of the project. However, it should highlight anything specific, which should be brought to their attention. The Scope/Schedule/Cost/Quality table above is a quick way to present a color coded dashboard for the status report. Typically a variance of +/- 5% will warrant a yellow cautionary color and +/- 10% will warrant a red warning color. For a project which needs tighter control +/- 2% and +/- 5% are used for these thresholds; whereas, other projects with less strict control may use 10% and 20% variances. The percent complete here should be the percent completion of the entire project. For any constraint which is yellow or red this section should contain brief explanation the reason why. Example: The project schedule is 7% behind schedule due to inclement weather which has affected the installation of the fiber optics throughout the campus. This should not affect the project completion date as crews are planning to make up the time by working weekends and extended hours next month. The project risks is red due to the inclement weather and servers which were delivered last month werent configured with the correct hardware specifications. The impact of the inclement weather on the schedule will be mitigated by having crews make up the time by working weekends and extended hours next month. Currently we are working with the server vendor to resolve the server hardware configuration problem. The configuration delivered will not handle the work load of going live in two months; however, it is sufficient for development and testing activities scheduled prior to going live. Once you have finished understanding this section you can just highlight the directions and example and place your specific information for your team’s weekly report. Work Planed for Last Month For this section you can copy the Worked Planned for Next Week section from last weeks status report and paste it into this section. Work Completed Last Week In this section you should provide a highlight of work performed and milestones and/or deliverables met during the past week. Work Planned For Next Week Provide an overview of the work being performed during the next week and any milestones or deliverables you expect to meet. Open Issues This section should contain a list of open issues along with their status. Open Risks This section should contain a list of all open risks (risks which have occurred, or are on the verge of occurring). Deliverables and Milestones This section is a quick table, which shows the status of the project milestones and deliverables. The first column is for the name of the Milestone or Deliverable as its in the project plan. The next column is the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) number, this makes it easier to find the milestone/deliverable in the project plan (You will create WBS numbers when you create your Work Breakdown Structure form, so for now you can just leave this blank). Planned is the planned date according to the approved project plan, the forecasted is the date you expect and actual is the actual date the milestone was met or deliverable was delivered. The status is a simple one or two word status such as; completed, on schedule, behind schedule, accepted, etc. Milestone WBS Planned Forecasted Actual Status Deliverable WBS Planned Forecasted Actual Status Open Change Requests Use this section to track all changes to the project and report the status of those changes. Tracking of changes starts with the request for the change, tracks the approval status and ends when the change is added to the project, the project plan and schedule update and it has become a part of the project. (You can create your own change request numbers) EXAMPLE Change Request Name Change Request Number Request Date Current Status Add xyz Functionality CR55043 3/14/20xx In Review by Change Control Board Add Redundant Servers CR55012 2/17/20xx Approved and Being Added to the Project Plan Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) Many managers turn right to this section as it provide a clear view of the status of the project according the earned value metrics. In your project you need to decide which metrics to monitor, but be sure not to include too many as you may end up providing the same information but in different forms. We like to track SV, SPI, CV and CPI in the layout below. Next to the schedule and cost headings you should state whether the project is ahead of or behind schedule and over or under budget. Notice we left out the word on it is highly unlikely that you. If you like you can also include a paragraph at the beginning of this section presenting the earned value results in verbose. IF a budget is involved you will need to include information in this section: Schedule Project is Ahead of/Behind Schedule Schedule Variance (SV):$xxxx Schedule Performance Index (SPI):x.xx Cost Project is Over/Under Budget Cost Variance (CV):$xxx Cost Performance Index (CPI):x.xx

Clubhouse Facilities For The Youth Physical Education Essay

Clubhouse Facilities For The Youth Physical Education Essay Young people are trying to make an impact and make a positive transition to adulthood. This research will provide an over view of what facilities the youth need and want. Out of school services for the youth is essential. Youth are concerned about not having enough facilities for them. Most youths even use this as an excuse when they end up in trouble. When most youths are asked what problems they go through they tend to say boredom and nothing to do For the purpose of this research clubhouse will be defined as an enclosed space used for regular gathering for different purposes these being leisure and social purposes. Youths need to progress from childhood to adulthood therefore clubhouses can play a role in the development of such services to them. Lack of youth facilities are the main barriers towards youths involvement in recreational activities. Clubhouses are an ideal place to meet friends and socialize. Sports activities, fitness centers music clubs and the likes can all be incorporated into a clubhouse. Problem Statement Most clubhouses in Malaysia do not have facilities for the youth. The youth are increasing in population and a need for an environment for them to interact and grow in a responsible but monitored way is of importance. This intern would help reduce crime, drug abuse and other mischief the youths engage in. Scope of Research Most clubhouses in Negeri Sembilan do not accommodate for an eco-friendly environment and youth facilities. The aim of this research is to improve the design of clubhouses so as to also cater for the youth in and around Malaysia. This will be done by a comparison of clubhouse facilities in Negeri Sembilan. Negeri Sembilan will be ideal because it is the state which has the highest number of clubhouses in Malaysia. Research Purpose The purpose of this research is to identify and investigate facilities offered by clubhouses. This information can then be used for the design of an environmentally friendly and eco- conscious clubhouse for the youth. The research will take into consideration two issues Whether existing clubhouses accommodate for the youth And what facilities would be appropriate and engaging for the youth This will be done through reviewing existing clubhouses and analyzing leisure trends for the youth. Research Objectives Identify the required comfortable facilities of a clubhouse Investigate and evaluate the suitability of current or existing facilities of a clubhouse To identify the requirements to develop a clubhouse which can meet the current and future demands of the youth. Recommend the required or proper facilities to be applied for the youth and determine strategies that will help these clubhouses meet youths needs Research Questions Why do clubhouses not accommodate for the youth? What do the youth have to say about it? Will the availability of clubhouse youth facilities improve youth behavior and encourage the young adults? What eco-friendly facilities do the youths need? Does the community think youth facilities are necessary and important for the development of the youth How many youths would actually use the clubhouse facilities? How eco-friendly are the facilities in existing clubhouses Hypothesis the hypothesis throughtout this research is h0 Non participation by youth in youth activities can be related to the inadequacy of existing clubhouses dealing with the provision of youth facilities h1 Availability Youth facilities in accordance to youths needs and wants are linked to a range of positive outcomes from the youth. h3 the lack of youth facilities for the youth in Negeri Sembilan leads to the youths neglecting the existing clubhouse facilities. Methodology Audit of existing clubhouse facilities Analysis of clubhouse sites Review reports and studies Analysis of sport, recreational and social trends influencing the youth Survey of clubhouse organizations Community survey (questionaires) Group meetings with young adults(youths) Conclusion This chapter has attempted to expose the main problem underpinning the research. As the reasearcher I am left with several questions that specific answers are being sought. The following chapters will help me derive answers and conclusions or recoomodation for the question raised by the research questions C:UsersThe Beauty clinicDownloadslinton.jpg C:UsersThe Beauty clinicDownloadscoventry Names Ruth Rumbidzai Mataswa Matric card number Cuadt4-09/09-00026 Subject Design And Project Implement (Workshop) Title Research Proposal Lecturer Ms.Lin Yola CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW Defining Youth Clubhouse Facility Clubhouse Guidelines Youth Facilities Youth Facility Planning Framework Planning of Youth Facilities Classification of Youth Facilities Introduction Introduction A clubhouse is a building or an area used for social or recreational purposes and activities. It gives individuals the opportunity to relax and exercise their interests and abilities.They are several clubhouses in Negeri Sembilan a state in Malaysia. The initiative aims is to enhance opportunity for young adults to become physically active through the development of a eco-friendly leisure environment. Identifying the impact and factors that affect participation in leisure centres and focusing on actions that can be taken to improve participation can be done through exploring key concepts.Attending leisure centres is important inorder to maintain health and slowing down the deterioration of an individuals body and mind.. A club house arises from the necessity to create a public facility, the purpose of the club house is to provide opportunity for young adults ages 18-25 to experience an eco friendly environment and encourage interaction amoung each other.As Young adults are dealing with identity and purpose, a club house will serve as a community and entertainment area for them. A clubhouse has the potential to reshape orientation for young adults in several ways. This would motivate young adults to not get involved in crime, and instead join and meet together and encourage each other. The size and arrangement of spaces within the facility and the siting of the building should support and optimize the operation of the clubhouses activities. The primary purpose of a club house is to create and provide opportunity for the community to pursue their recreational interests. It also important to improve the physical environment and its accessibility AIM OF CLUBHOUSE The club house should achieve three goals Control and support activities in an eco friendly environment for the community Amenity for the community Service to the community A clubhouse should be accessible to as many community patrons as feasible. It should be visible from main circulation of the community, to increase accessibility.There are many aspects to a good club house but mainly it should serve the current and future needs of the club, culture, ability and gender. It should also be attractive, high quality, efficient and economical.The success of the clubhouse will depend on the responsiveness of its activity mix to the wishes of the community population, and to the effectiveness of the clubhouses internal organization and its location in the community. 2.0 The first stage for this review is to clarify from the literature the utilization of every of the terms. in this case definition of the youth, facilities, clubhouse and definition of a youth clubhouse DEFINING 2.1 YOUTH The United Nations General Assembly defines Youth as the persons falling between the ages of 15 24 years inclusive9.( UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.) The emerging of a new interim of social status between childhood and adulthood.(Jensen Rojek, 1998). The concept of adolescence has also been referred to in the literature as youth. From this perspective, it is apparent that youth are a uniquely separate group, requiring special attention to their needs as they move through this critical development period called adolescence (Siegel Welsh, 2005). It is felt that this is the right age and stage where the youth should be shaped and molded into responsible adults (Jensen Rojek, 1998, p37). In Malaysia, Putrajaya the youth are defined as the persons of age 18 and 25 under the new national Youth policy. Sports Minister Datuk Seri Ahmad Shabery Cheek just recently confirmed the change of youth definition from 18 40 years to 18-25 years this was done in accordance to international standards. United Nations defines youth as 15 to 24years whilst Common wealth defines it as 15 to 29 years. According to these literatures it is clear that the youth are considered to be those persons aged between 15 and 24 years, and from my perspective, I think the youth need attention as they develop. Youth is generally the time of life between childhood and adulthood (maturity) Among other youth related issues, the World Program of Action for Youth to the year 2000 and beyond identifies several issues that should be of high priority to Government and what the government are expected to offer the youth. Leisure time activities, is in the top ten of their highest priority. This brings us to the literature of leisure activities, which in this case can be achieved through the use of clubhouses. 2.1.1 FACILITY Something that creates the potential of better performance of any action; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ freedom from difficulty; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ ease; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ a building or complex of buildings, designed for a particular purpose, as for the holding of a sporting contest 2.1.2 CLUBHOUSE Is a building or enclosed area used as a regular gathering place by a group of people Community centre where community members gather for group activities, social support, public information and other purposes. Youth clubhouse: it is popularly known as a youth centre,it is an area where youth gather for recreational and leisure activities The youth centers are integrated into the mainstream community centers and have deliberately been not built as stand alone youth facilities. (Paul Leung) The International Clubhouse Coordination and Development helps support and coordinate the development of clubhouses, and helps coordinate training and on-going technical support on the club model through club training. It was established in 1994 and is bases in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America. The ICCD maintains associate international certification process (ICCD Certification),a fidelity live, and a set of International Standards for club Programs. ICCD certification may be a clear demonstration of a clubhouses quality and commitment to excellence, associated provides an objective analysis of quality associated performance and an enlarged awareness of a clubhouses strengths and needs. The ICCD also provides technical help for stakeholders seeking to implement the model, a shift employment development program and may be a clearinghouse for clubhouse information. The Program for building analysis (PCR) at the University of Massachusetts graduate school conducts research relating to building effectiveness also as quality improvement efforts. One endeavor at the PCR is conducting a comprehensive survey of clubhouses affiliated with the ICCD for functions of quality assurance and program improvement. building administrators complete the survey designed to get info regarding the ways during which clubhouses opportunities for their members as well as individual outcomes for members utilizing clubhouse employment opportunities. The International Survey of Clubhouses seeks to look at and improve services provided in building programs affiliated with the International Center for building Development. One implicit goal underlying the International Survey of Clubhouses involves strengthening program infrastructure each by increasing the capability of clubhouses to gather valid and reliable info on a timely basis. The International Survey of Clubhouses seeks a range of knowledge regarding building characteristics, governance and administration, membership, staffing and staff credentials, unit structure, employment, housing activities, services, and participation in building training. 2.2 CLUBHOUSE GUIDELINES Careful planning of the accommodation is essential to confirm a roaring theme and special consideration ought to be given to the following points: The accommodation may be expanded to include: club/committee room offices restaurants fitness centre exercise studio physic treatment and first aid room bar and lounge dining area other social and indoor sports accommodation Library grounds maintenance store computer room However having these extra sports and social aspects depend on their potential to attract maximized use of the facility. The LGAQ Guidelines (1996:105-6) suggest that community facilities be understood as a means to an end in terms of multiple purposes they serve in the community: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ providing focal points for community interaction, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ building community identity, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ providing places and resources for meetings, community organising and activities, strengthening relationships, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ building responsible, self-supportive and safe communities, and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Providing places and resources for delivery of services. 2.3 YOUTH FACILITY PLANNING FRAMEWORK FRAMEWORK à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ a structure composed of parts fitted and united together, designed to support or enclose something The Social Planning Guidelines for Queensland Local Government (LGAQ 1996:105) pushes the limitations of this definition by asserting that community facilities can also be taken to include areas of open space such as parks, gardens, playgrounds, recreation areas, sports fields and bush lands. [p105] However, having pushed the limits of the definition, the Social Planning Guidelines immediately revert to a discussion of buildings. International literature reveals that integral to developing a youth facility planning framework is a clear understanding of the nexus, linking youth policy, youth participation and youth planning. 2.4 YOUTH FACILITIES Developing clear access or inclusion programs to ensure the youth facility is integrated into existing community facilities. It builds on a vision of more effective, accessible services for youth. It also integrates an array of services including: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ health and health education; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ career counselling and job placement; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ education, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the creative and physical arts; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ food services and nutrition counselling; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ prenatal care and services for adolescent parents, including nursery care; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ mental health counselling; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ substance abuse prevention and treatment services; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ legal counselling and representation; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ youth leadership training; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ information and referral services; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ a variety of support services. Daly (2000:89-90) argues that the development of specific facilities requires project planning methodology According to Daly (2000:87) an approach to planning facilities is one that involves: Audit of existing facilities Future needs or opportunities analysis Classification of the facility types required at local, regional, state and international levels. 2.5 PLANNING OF YOUTH FACILITIES For the planning of youth facilities in particular, equity and social justice, rational distribution, integration, access, community development, location and collocation are identified as important. Several similar planning processes are considered. The significant insight offered by Daly (2000) is that a planning process at a regional or citywide level will involve a strategic planning process; but the planning of a specific facility requires a project planning methodology. 2.6 OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES FOR FACILITY PLANNING Daly (2000:77-80) identifies six objectives for regional level facility planning these being 1. Equity and social justice 2. Rational distribution 3. Integration 4. Access 5. Future provision 6. Conservation and environmental sustainability For each, Daly (2000) articulates planning principles: 1. Equity and social justice Consideration for the needs of all sections of the community regardless of age, gender, ethnicity or ability. Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Identify and set aside land to meet the needs of existing and future population à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide facilities and open spaces capable of being adapted to meet the changing needs of the community over time à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Maintain a balance of active and passive uses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide open space of high amenity 2. Rational distribution (A hierarchical structure ensures state and metropolitan, regional and local facilities complement each other) Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Local facilities provide a range of recreation and sports services à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Regional facilities provide a wide range of recreation and specialist sport facilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ State facilities have state significance and provide specialist facilities 3. Integration (Linkages with other community facilities, proximity to centres, and multiple use) Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Encourage co-location in centres à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Encourage multiple use à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Proximity to education, shopping, office and community facilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Design to accommodate as many different uses as possible à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide for a range and combination of uses 4. Access (Access by public and private transport is maximized) Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ensure access by public, private and community transport à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide pedestrian and cycle linkages to residential areas à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ensure facilities are designed to be accessible 5. Future provision (Adequate land is provided in appropriate locations) Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Identify and set aside land to meet the needs of existing and future population à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide facilities and open spaces capable of being adapted to meet the changing needs of the community over time à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Maintain a balance of active and passive uses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide open space of high amenity 6. Conservation and environmental sustainability (Designing and locating facilities should take into account conservation of the environment) Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Environmentally suitable design à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Locate to minimise obtrusive effects on the living environment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Orient facilities and spaces with appropriate landscaping à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide adequate lighting à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Use design features to design the edges of public spaces and give direction . 2.6 CLASSIFICATION OF YOUTH FACILITIES The Social Planning Guidelines for Queensland Local Government (1996:106-7) identify three types of community facilities according to their principal function: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ community activity centres where groups of people can meet and community activities can be conducted; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ community service centres from which a range of community services are provided; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ special purpose centres where design and usage restricts use for other purposes. Uses the following typology: Community infrastructure is defined as community, cultural, sport and recreation facilities, as outlined below: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sports: indoor and outdoor sports facilities, including courts, fields and centres à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Recreation: pedestrian and cycle pathways, public spaces, and facilities used for formal and informal recreation purposes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cultural: facility used for cultural purposes, including art gallery, library, theatre, cinema, museum, art/craft centres à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Community: facilities and services used for broad community purposes, including primary and high schools, University/TAFE, child care, church/religious centre, community and neighbourhood centre, community hall, hospital, medical/health centre, nursing home/aged care, caravan park, public housing, police station, and emergency services, key shopping centre/nodes. CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY Introduction As from the previous chapter the literature review has given me an overview and foundation by which to base my research. It is quite clear that there is limited research to facilities of a clubhouse compared to a comparison of existing clubhouses. Background of site The study area is in Negeri Sembilan one of the states in Malaysia. It covers an area of 6643 square km and its state capital is Seremban. The royal capital is Seri Menanti in the district of Kuala Pilah. Other important towns are Port Dickson, Nilai and Mantin. I will be focusing on Nilai, Seremban and Mantin in particular because these are the only towns that have clubhouses. Nilai is a rapidly growing town and is mostly occupied by students because of the surrounding universities. Mantin is another town in Negeri Sembilan and is under administration of Nilai District. It is along the main road connecting Seremban to Kajang. Seremban Was declared as a city and is the capital of Negeri Sembilan.it is situated about 30 km inland from the coast For the purpose of this research both qualitative research methods are to be used in order to answer the research questions and achieve the research objectives as stated in chapter one. The research is to be conducted in the area of negeri Sembilan in Malaysia. The methods used to gain qualitative ideas of clubhouse facilities will be Literature review Case studies Questionnaires Interviews I will place the methods in hierarchal order Literature review and case study will be gathered for guidelines and brainstorming. Interviews and questionnaires will be used for information gathering purposes. The purpose of my methodology would be to Detail the research collection method Explore community considerations on clubhouses Identify what facilities the youth need from a clubhouse Residents within Negeri Sembilan would be surveyed using questionnaires. Structed interviews will also be conducted with the relevant clubhouse owners, managers, residents and clubhouse users. The use of clubhouse questionnaires and interviews is made in a way that my research is easier and would help me relate with what the community also think of existing clubhouses. Methodology process I will take Finalize literature review Select case study Make questionnaire and interview questions Review and revise questionnaire Schedule survey and interview dates Conduct interviews and survey Compile and analyze results Report findings Develop recommendations CASE STUDY I will be concentrating on clubhouses in Negeri Sembilan Malaysia. The first case study will be Staffield clubhouse because it is one of the best clubhouses in Malaysia and number one in Negeri Sembilan The second will be Nilai Spring clubhouse then Seremban international clubhouse. nsemb60 FIG 3.1 MAP OF NEGERI SEMBILAN ANd9GcQ5703XNqJMGaUq6472hmQIDBHqTdpsnEL8JEtokV_ORYu2_o31Dg FIG3.2 NILAI SPRING CLUBHOUSE ANd9GcTAUVney1WF0O-QKq7b7osw0QTJKwShxQgL2m3A2AhxvyzE-8EU FIG3.3 SEREMBAN INTERNATIONAL CLUBHOUSE club FIG3.4 STAFFIELD CLUBHOUSE MANTIN These three clubhouse case studies will be for comparison purposes in terms of clubhouse facilities offered. Comparison Will compare several clubhouses with the intention to differentiate the facilities they offer. Comparative research is a flexible way of comparing things especially when I need to derive a sufficient distinguishing of facilities which are offered by clubhouses. QUESTIONNAIRE The content of the questionnaire was developed in accordance to the research questions and much attention paid to the research objectives. The questionnaire was designed to determine the level of satisfaction with the range and type of clubhouse facilities existing. INTERVIEWS This is a form of qualitative research, it will come in the form of structured interview questions that will result in a meaningful and helpful collection of data. This type of research is very essential, in order to gain an understanding of clubhouses and their facilities and as well as community interests when it comes to clubhouses around their area or that they attend to. Chapter four Bar Chart 1: Respondents Age Most of the respondents are of the age 22 and the rest are at a constant of either 18, 20 and 21-24years Bar Chart2: Respondents Gender 47.5% of the respondents where males 34.4% of the respondents where female Bar Chart3: Respondents who have visited a clubhouse or been a member 72% have visited or been a member of a clubhouse 28% have not visited or been a member of a clubhouse before Bar Chart3: Respondents who have clubhouses around their area Majority of the respondents have clubhouses around their area Bar Chart4: respondents on if the existing clubhouses accommodate for them Most of the respondents believe that clubhouses around their area do not accommodate for them. Whilst the rest think they are adequate. PieChart1: Respondents male or female Slightly more males participated in the survey than females PieChart1: Respondents male or female on them being interested in attending More females are interested in attending or being a member of a clubhouse Bar Chart5: respondents on the rating of existing clubhouse facilities The facilities in existing clubhouses are of low standards whereas the others are of average standards offered Facilities Responses Percent of Cases N Percent offered facilities in existing clubhousea resturant 33 19.5% 68.8% ballroom(events) 11 6.5% 22.9% library 14 8.3% 29.2% clinic 10 5.9% 20.8% exercise studio 19 11.2% 39.6% bar 17 10.1% 35.4% indoor sport 20 11.8% 41.7% music studio 14 8.3% 29.2% lounge 17 10.1% 35.4% outdoor sport 10 5.9% 20.8% dance studio 4 2.4% 8.3% Total 169 100.0% 352.1% Table 1: respondents on facilities offered Restaurants seem to be a popular facility offered in the existing clubhouses Swimming pool comes closely after restaurant followed by indoor Sport important Facilities Responses Percent of Cases N Percent important clubhouse facilities fitness centre 6 27.3% 46.2% indoor Sports area 2 9.1% 15.4% music and Dance 1 4.5% 7.7% computer and internet cafe 1 4.5% 7.7% library 1 4.5% 7.7% ballroom 2 9.1% 15.4% resturant 3 13.6% 23.1% bar 6 27.3% 46.2% Total 22 100.0% 169.2% Table2: respondents on important facilities The youth picked fitness centre and bar as an important facility for them in comparison with other facilities. Restaurants and indoor sport where also considered as important . Appropriate Facilities Responses Percent of Cases N Percent appropriate for the youtha artAndDesign 24 9.7% 48.0% outdoorSport 22 8.9% 44.0% music studio 29 11.7% 58.0% cooking room 21 8.5% 42.0% fitness beauty Centre 19 7.7% 38.0% lounge 21 8.5% 42.0% computer room 18 7.3% 36.0% drama,film,drama 16 6.5% 32.0% indoor sport 13 5.2% 26.0% library 13 5.2% 26.0% BBq n Grill 15 6.0% 30.0% resturant 12 4.8% 24.0% swimming pool 25 10.1% 50.0% Total 248 100.0% 496.0% . Table3 : respondents on appropriate facilities The appropriate and engaging facilities the youth area most interested in are Music studio with 58.% Swimming pool with 50% Art and design with 48% Outdoor sport with 44% Cooking room and lounge seem to be of the same percentage of interest with in most cases 42% These are the five youth facilities the youth find interesting to them. INTERVIEW WITH CLUB MANAGERS ON EXISTING CLUBHOUSES Nilai Clubhouse Seremaban Clubhouse Mantin Clubhouse Existing clubhouses that offer facilities Responses Percent of Cases N Percent existing clubhouses existing clubhouses 1 33.3% 50.0%

Essay on Adams Curse - Everyones Fate, Everyones Tragedy

Adam's Curse - Everyone's Fate, Everyone's Tragedy  Ã‚  Ã‚   The allusion to the biblical story of Adam and Eve in William Butler Yeats' poem, "Adam's Curse," reflects the poem's pessimistic theme: the tragic nature of fate. In the story, Adam and Eve, the first man and woman, had defied God, and consequently, were thrown out of paradise. Their punishment (and as their descendents, everyone's punishment and "fate") was to feel the joys and the pains of being human, including love and happiness but work and disappointment as well. Yeats parallels this tragedy of Adam and Eve's newly-found mortality with a narrative which is composed mostly of a conversation about the hardships of writing poetry, being beautiful, and staying in love. By linking the two stories, he implies that such endeavors are not only laborious aspects of life, but can be "destined" to end or fail also. Yeats further establishes the inevitability of something ending by setting the conversation "at one summer's end" (1) and later having the speakers see "the last embers of day light die" (29) when the conversation itself dies. Before the conversation dies, however, Yeats' persona begins the talk with the subject of poetry. What is interesting is that they are not composing lines together, but are discussing the end results of poems' lines. According to the persona, the process of creating poetry, including the hours spent in writing and rewriting the lines, or as Yeats states it, "stitching and unstitching" (6), ultimately will be insignificant if the lines are unsuccessful. Although he regards the act of writing poetry as more difficult than physical labor, he would rather "scrub a kitchen pavement" (8) or do other labor-intensive, yet demeaning jobs, than cr... ...s despair in accepting that his and his lover's fate was to grow "As weary-hearted as that hollow moon" (38). The fact that this line, and not a happy, upbeat ending, closes the poem further emphasizes the tragedy. Yeats' somber turn towards the end of the poem is also indicative of what makes fate sometimes tragic: its unpredictability. Similar to the way Adam was unaware of the consequences of eating the forbidden apple, a poet does not know how good, or bad, a poem will be until it is finished. Similar to the fleeting notion of beauty, love can easily fade. The fact that all these endeavors could be rewarding makes the sudden loss an unbearable, and therefore, "tragic" fate.   Work Cited Yeats, William Butler. "Adam's Curse." Western Wind. 4th ed. Ed. John Frederick Nims and David Mason. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2000. 431-32.      

The Importance of the Wallpaper in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Pe

The Importance of the Wallpaper in The Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚  Ã‚   "The Yellow Wallpaper" takes a close look at one woman's mental deterioration. The narrator is emotionally isolated from her husband. Due to the lack of interaction with other people the woman befriends the reader by secretively communicating her story in a diary format. Her attitude towards the wallpaper is openly hostile at the beginning, but ends with an intimate and liberating connection. During the gradual change in the relationship between the narrator and the wallpaper, the yellow paper becomes a mirror, reflecting the process the woman is going through in her room.   Ã‚  Ã‚   When the narrator first sees the paper she is repulsed by the shade and the pattern. It is something she hates and yet she cannot ignore it. The "repellent" and "repulsive" paper soon becomes the topic of her journal entries. The first personification of the wallpaper is when she notices where the pattern "lolls like a broken neck and two bulbous eyes stare at you upside down"..."I never saw so much expression in an inanimate thing before". This indicates that, just as John and Jennie watch her, the paper appears to be watching her too. She speaks of the paper as another presence in the room. The reader can see that the paper is starting to become more fascinating to her than the outside world when her attention to the view of the countryside abruptly switches back to the wallpaper. As she becomes more isolated in the room her thoughts are filled with the design of the paper almost as if she is studying it. "I know a little of the principle of design, and I know this thi ng was not arranged on any laws of radiation, or alternation, or repetition, or symmetry, or anything else that I ev... ...   Ã‚  Ã‚   Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 6th ed. New York: Harper Collins, 1995. 424-36. Hume, Beverly A. â€Å"Gilman’s Interminable Grotesque’: The Narrator of ‘The Yellow Wallpaper.’† Studies in Short Fiction 28.4 (1991):477-84. Johnson, Greg. â€Å"Gilman’s Gothic Allegory: Rage and Redemption in ‘The Yellow Wallpaper.’† Studies in Short Fiction 26.4 (1989):521-30. King, Jeannette and Pam Morris. â€Å"On Not Reading between the Lines: Models of Reading in ‘The Yellow Wallpaper.’† Studies in Short Fiction 26.1 (1989): 23-32. Owens, E. Suzanne. â€Å"The Ghostly Double behind the Wallpaper in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s ‘The Yellow Wallpaper.’†   Ã‚  Ã‚   Haunting the House of Fiction. Ed. Lynette Carpenter and Wendy K. Kolmar. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 1991 64-79. Scharnhorst, Gary. â€Å"‘The Yellow Wallpaper.’† Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Boston: Twayne, 1985. 15-20.   

Can international law change the world Essay

Sir Christopher John Greenwood was born in 1955. Currently he is a judge of the ICC whereby he was elected to the position on 6th November 2008. Before being elected as an ICC judge, Sir Christopher John Greenwood was a professor at London School of Economics where by taught international law. In addition, he was a barrister who most often made appearance before the international court of justice, the English Courts and the European Court Of Human Rights among other tribunals. During an interview as evidenced in the video, Judge Sir Christopher John Greenwood puts it clear that the international law has the power to change the way world operates. He further argues that, while each system of the national law strives to regulate affairs within only a single society, the international law has the concern of the whole world. In contrary, judge Sir Christopher John Greenwood argues that, though the international laws has the power to change the world and the way different systems of the world operate, there is yet no methods of enforcement available to the national legal systems. According to Sir Christopher, the international law can change the security and political stability of the different nations of the globe if only there could be efficient and effective measures put in place that would ensure the different national systems comply. Moreover, Sir Christopher says that if the different national systems could comply with international laws like those concerning weapons and international peace, international health like those stipulated in the world health organization (WHO) among other laws made to ensure that the social welfare of the different socio-economic classes of people would change the world to a greater extend. In addition to this, Sir Christopher further argues that following compliance to the different international economic laws would change the way business is carried globally by different nations. Compliance to the international laws would make the transactions between different nations secure since are governed. Moreover, international economic laws would standardize how business is carried in the world. In a broad spectrum, the international laws can only change the world if the different nation systems comply. It will be of great importance if the different world systems comply to the international laws for better so as to steer development through trade standardization among other things. References @font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:local('Roboto Italic'),local('Roboto-Italic'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOkCnqEu92Fr1Mu51xFIzIFKw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C88,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:local('Roboto Italic'),local('Roboto-Italic'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOkCnqEu92Fr1Mu51xMIzIFKw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:local('Roboto Italic'),local('Roboto-Italic'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOkCnqEu92Fr1Mu51xEIzIFKw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1F00-1FFF;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:local('Roboto Italic'),local('Roboto-Italic'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOkCnqEu92Fr1Mu51xLIzIFKw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-03 FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:local('Roboto Italic'),local('Roboto-Italic'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOkCnqEu92Fr1Mu51xHIzIFKw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:local('Roboto Italic'),local('Roboto-Italic'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOkCnqEu92Fr1Mu51xGIzIFKw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-024F,U+0259,U+1E00-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:local('Roboto Italic'),local('Roboto-Italic'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOkCnqEu92Fr1Mu51xIIzI.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src: local('Roboto Regular'),local('Roboto-Regular'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu72xKOzY.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C88,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Roboto Regular'),local('Roboto-Regular'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu5mxKOzY.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Roboto Regular'),local('Roboto-Regular'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu7mxKOzY.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1F00-1FFF;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Roboto Regular'),local('Roboto-Regular'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu4WxKOzY.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-03FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src :local('Roboto Regular'),local('Roboto-Regular'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu7WxKOzY.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Roboto Regular'),local('Roboto-Regular'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu7GxKOzY.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-024F,U+0259,U+1E00-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Roboto Regular'),local('Roboto-Regular'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu4mxK.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:local('Roboto Medium'),local('Roboto-Medium'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/robo to/v18/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmEU9fCRc4EsA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C88,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:local('Roboto Medium'),local('Roboto-Medium'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmEU9fABc4EsA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:local('Roboto Medium'),local('Roboto-Medium'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmEU9fCBc4EsA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1F00-1FFF;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:local('Roboto Medium'),local('Roboto-Medium'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmEU9fBxc4EsA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-03FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:local('Roboto Medium'),local('Roboto-Medium'),url(//fonts.gstatic.c om/s/roboto/v18/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmEU9fCxc4EsA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:local('Roboto Medium'),local('Roboto-Medium'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmEU9fChc4EsA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-024F,U+0259,U+1E00-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:local('Roboto Medium'),local('Roboto-Medium'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmEU9fBBc4.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;src:local('Roboto Medium Italic'),local('Roboto-MediumItalic'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51S7ACc3CsTKlA.woff2)forma t('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C88,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;src:local('Roboto Medium Italic'),local('Roboto-MediumItalic'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51S7ACc-CsTKlA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;src:local('Roboto Medium Italic'),local('Roboto-MediumItalic'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51S7ACc2CsTKlA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1F00-1FFF;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;src:local('Roboto Medium Italic'),local('Roboto-MediumItalic'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51S7ACc5CsTKlA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-03FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;src:local('Roboto Medium Italic'),local('Roboto-MediumItalic'),url(// fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51S7ACc1CsTKlA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;src:local('Roboto Medium Italic'),local('Roboto-MediumItalic'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51S7ACc0CsTKlA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-024F,U+0259,U+1E00-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;src:local('Roboto Medium Italic'),local('Roboto-MediumItalic'),url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v18/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51S7ACc6CsQ.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD;}if (document.fonts && document.fonts.load) {document.fonts.load("400 10pt Roboto", "");document.fonts.load("500 10pt Roboto", "");} html {overflow: hidden;}body {font: 12px Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: #000;color: #fff;height: 100%;width: 100%;overflow: hidden;position: absolute;margin: 0;padding: 0;}#player {width: 100%;height: 100%;}h1 {text-align: center;color: #fff;}.hid {display: none;}h3 {margin-top: 6px;margin-bottom: 3px;}.player-unavailable {position: absolute;top: 0;left: 0;right: 0;bottom: 0;padding: 25px;font-size: 13px;background: url(/img/meh7.png) 50% 65% no-repeat;}.player-unavailable .message {text-align: left;margin: 0 -5px 15px;padding: 0 5px 14px;border-bottom: 1px solid #888;font-size: 19px;font-weight: normal;}.player-unavailable a {color: #167ac6;text-decoration: none;}.yt-embed-thumbnail {background-size: cover;background-position: center;background-repeat: no-repeat;height: 100%;}.ytp-lightweight {position: absolute;top: 0;left: 0;width: 100%;height: 100%;}.exp-invert-logo #header:before, .exp-invert-logo .ypc-join-family-header .logo, .exp-invert-logo #footer-logo .footer- logo-icon, .exp-invert-logo #yt-masthead #logo-container .logo, .exp-invert-logo #masthead #logo-container, .exp-invert-logo .admin-masthead-logo a, .exp-invert-logo #yt-sidebar-styleguide-logo #logo { background: no-repeat url(/yts/img/ringo/hitchhiker/logo_small_2x-vfl4_cFqn.png); background-size: 100px 30px; } .exp-invert-logo #yt-masthead #logo-container .logo-red { background: no-repeat url(/yts/img/ringo/hitchhiker/logo_youtube_red_2x-vflOSHA_n.png); background-size: 132px 30px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 498px), only screen and (min-width: 499px) and (max-width: 704px) { .exp-invert-logo.exp-responsive #yt-masthead #logo-container { background: no-repeat url(/yts/img/ringo/hitchhiker/yt_play_logo_2x-vflXx5Pg3.png); background-size: 40px 28px; } } .guide-sort-container {display: none}var ytcsi = {gt: function(n) {n = (n || '') + 'data_';return ytcsi[n] || (ytcsi[n] = {tick: {},info: {}});},now: window.performance && window.performance.timing &&wi ndow.performance.now ? function() {return window.performance.timing.navigationStart + window.performance.now();} : function() {return (new Date()).getTime();},tick: function(l, t, n) {ticks = ytcsi.gt(n).tick;var v = t || ytcsi.now();if (ticks[l]) {ticks['_' + l] = (ticks['_' + l] || [ticks[l]]);ticks['_' + l].push(v);}ticks[l] = v;},info: function(k, v, n) {ytcsi.gt(n).info[k] = v;},setStart: function(s, t, n) {ytcsi.info('yt_sts', s, n);ytcsi.tick('_start', t, n);}};(function(w, d) {ytcsi.setStart('dhs', w.performance ? w.performance.timing.responseStart : null);var isPrerender = (d.visibilityState || d.webkitVisibilityState) == 'prerender';var vName = (!d.visibilityState && d.webkitVisibilityState)? 'webkitvisibilitychange' : 'visibilitychange';if (isPrerender) {ytcsi.info('prerender', 1);var startTick = function() {ytcsi.setStart('dhs');d.removeEventListener(vName, startTick);};d.addEventListener(vName, startTick, false);}if (d.addEventListener) {d.addEventListener(vName, functi on() {ytcsi.tick('vc');}, false);}var slt = function(el, t) {setTimeout(function() {var n = ytcsi.now();el.loadTime = n;if (el.slt) {el.slt();}}, t);};w.__ytRIL = function(el) {if (!el.getAttribute('data-thumb')) {if (w.requestAnimationFrame) {w.requestAnimationFrame(function() {slt(el, 0);});} else {slt(el, 16);}}};})(window, document);var ytcfg = {d: function() {return (window.yt && yt.config_) || ytcfg.data_ || (ytcfg.data_ = {});},get: function(k, o) {return (k in ytcfg.d()) ? ytcfg.d()[k] : o;},set: function() {var a = arguments;if (a.length > 1) {ytcfg.d()[a[0]] = a[1];} else {for (var k in a[0]) {ytcfg.d()[k] = a[0][k];}}}};ytcfg.set("EXPERIMENT_FLAGS", {"log_web_screen_end":true,"enable_docked_chat_messages":true,"live_chat_replay_milliqps_threshold":5000,"enable_playlist_visibility":true,"enable_more_related_ve_logging":true,"live_chat_top_chat_window_length_sec":4,"desktop_polymer_video_masthead_mute_ad_support":true,"desktop_notification_high_priority_ignore_push":true,"g feedback_for_signed_out_users_enabled":true,"web_gel_lact":true,"autoplay_pause_sampling_fraction":0.0,"watch_next_pause_autoplay_lact_sec":4500,"youtubei_for_web":true,"enable_afv_div_reset_in_kevlar":true,"web_system_health_fraction":0.01,"live_chat_increased_min_height":true,"retry_web_logging_batches":true,"web_always_load_chat_support":true,"desktop_pyv_on_watch_via_valor":true,"ad_to_video_use_gel":true,"enable_webcam_scheduling":true,"live_chat_message_sampling_rate":4.0,"enable_wta_classic_search_pyv":true,"desktop_videowall_companion_wta_support":true,"autoplay_pause_by_lact_sampling_fraction":0.0,"use_webrtc_ingestor_handshake":true,"live_chat_flagging_reasons":true,"desktop_pyv_on_watch_override_lact":true,"desktop_classic_video_masthead_wta_support":true,"webcam_prefer_vp9":true,"enable_desktop_polymer_video_masthead_upgrade":true,"botguard_periodic_refresh":true,"desktop_notification_set_title_bar":true,"enable_webcam_scheduling_hint":true,"desktop_polymer_video_masthea d_always_use_responsive_iframe":true,"desktop_shopping_companion_wta_support":true,"very_optimistically_create_gel_client":true,"lact_local_listeners":true,"remove_web_visibility_batching":true,"autoescape_tempdata_url":true,"is_browser_supported_for_live_studio_streaming":true,"optimistically_create_transport_client":true,"html5_serverside_pagead_id_sets_cookie":true,"enable_html5_conversion_ve_reporting":true,"use_push_for_desktop_live_chat":true,"attach_child_on_gel_web":true,"live_chat_inline_moderation":true,"interaction_logging_on_gel_web":true,"web_android9_useragent_fix":true,"service_worker_scope":"\/","is_browser_support_for_webcam_streaming":true,"desktop_image_companion_wta_support":true,"service_worker_push_home_page_prompt":true,"live_chat_flash_money_button_on_super_chat_delivery":true,"service_worker_push_enabled":true,"desktop_polymer_video_masthead_session_tempdata_ttl":30,"player_external_control_on_classic_desktop":true,"service_worker_push_home_only":true,"enabl e_watch_next_pause_autoplay_lact":true,"same_domain_static_resources_desktop":true,"service_worker_push_force_notification_prompt_tag":"1","live_chat_top_chat_split":0.5,"clear_web_implicit_clicktracking":true,"service_worker_push_watch_page_prompt":true,"service_worker_push_logged_out_prompt_watches":-1,"desktop_polymer_video_masthead_wta_support":true,"player_swfcfg_cleanup":true,"web_logging_max_batch":20,"interaction_click_on_gel_web":true,"enable_desktop_polymer_video_masthead":true,"use_watch_fragments2":true,"service_worker_enabled":true,"live_chat_replay":true,"enable_creator_highlights":true,"log_web_meta_interval_ms":0,"log_vis_on_tab_change":true,"live_chat_use_new_default_filter_mode":true,"desktop_companion_wta_support":true,"cancel_pending_navs":true,"cold_load_nav_start_web":true,"enable_gel_web_client_event_id":true,"enable_classic_encoder_pointback":true,"consent_url_override":"","service_worker_push_prompt_cap":-1,"debug_forced_promo_id":"","interaction_screen_on_g el_web":true,"app_settings_snapshot_min_time_between_snapshots_hours":24,"enable_live_chat_paid_event_merged_queries":true,"service_worker_push_prompt_delay_ms":3888000000,"warm_load_nav_start_web":true,"service_worker_push_prompt_delay_microseconds":3888000000000,"enable_youtubei_innertube":true,"autoplay_pause_by_lact_sec":0,"desktop_pyv_on_watch_missing_params":true,"enable_webcam_dvr":true,"player_unified_fullscreen_transitions":true,"log_window_onerror_fraction":0.1,"desktop_action_companion_wta_support":true,"enable_classic_creation_menu":true,"enable_webcam_dynamic_poll_period":true}); Can International Law Change the World? - YouTube London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)121K subscribersSubscribeCan International Law Change the World?Watch laterShareInfoShoppingTap to unmute1:19:00If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device.More videosFull screen is unavailable. Learn MoreShareInclude playlistAn error occurred while retrieving sharing information. Please try again later.Switch camera0:000:000:00 / 1:19:00Liveyt.setConfig({'EVENT_ID': "qyYFXIGyMtiSyAXar6y4Dg",'VIDEO_ID': "gH8yIqcG13c",'POST_MESSAGE_ORIGIN': "*",'BG_P': "vLq1CBUziF7f\/Q7uRCaN0EfYg7AzSWFV\/whvQn+9cD1H+t0NUDu2ghJS1LEYObZF2brIwum7YNNU8kvDx0WiazcLhnFG6eQsvTEEfv7MaMmWooGEN74ZEIgVhBfdbzQ+D8tqEyUzaoIhqudjINj4YpJXxVQLwpLOfUxT+vXr4pjoAjyBGaae66+y3IoYqStP0\/ykUpyK6VrU36HCt2pm\/DF32uDfGX\/XCaGBsjxi11kLt\/f8AnZNNYuhx8FcFT3IOX4xqDHLqqfrJ5wUqJWNsQUBWjPzCn0Z3ZA86PDWC4Kaz\/y84bwVS2OtLKCWQ\/bJUYgMW7lQ7q4SUXUD1CSsum8S8D687VL8V7Bcq28MAR8MBKi1HBUazD52NaH\/g9jzucFBAbaGrMzr3XKzlBffSoJptUdRqZf5PcR\/gdjeCmZI0pBm9EKMXVCbMZUlcYb1A+Ns4SgUSL0 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 3GmJ5tOZRSNuMCnsBHNDypd+XDSh4YEqQ74nKoYUWC5ECZrZo111SbhwBadyqHqBBRNM1ndf8FIESBZqhc5yPihIj7mK9tAaeACZLqPgfnAbZGk4XL6cwhqiQLK",'BG_IU': "\/\/www.google.com\/js\/bg\/YMzmnwYLVewpqNtAjl_uht1raXi6FifhyBWxdH8tpLc.js",'XSRF_TOKEN': 'QUFFLUhqbG01RzJwaVlDLWpTczFIek0zaHhJWEY4aW5WQXxBQ3Jtc0tsNE91Qk43dnNyVDRSTUFXcUo1WU9CYUNhb1dXTlItSFE3NVFTcG0tX3Z0RG5OQ2VxZ053YWJrSXJIWlZoLVBsTEpsZ0Z3SUE2b21WY29rbG55T01ONGlPaGZialNSUWRDeVRWNGZmMURsUjhlWDRWN09VbVc0QWZkX3ZNc25Xc1BJaFFfeHJLSDlPSEZxRVp0aFNwb010aGk5S3c=','XSRF_FIELD_NAME': 'session_token','EURL': "https:\/\/studymoose.com\/can-international-law-change-the-world-essay"});yt.setConfig({INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME: 56,INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_VERSION: "20181129",APIARY_HOST_FIRSTPARTY: "",XHR_APIARY_HOST: "youtubei.youtube.com",GAPI_HINT_PARAMS: "m;\/_\/scs\/abc-static\/_\/js\/k=gapi.gapi.en.BstDmEhpa_Q.O\/rt=j\/d=1\/rs=AHpOoo-oqKdOJIcyAi5YyA6pahSkp_ojsw\/m=__features__",INNERTUBE_API_VERSION: "v1",APIARY_HOST: "",INNERTUBE_API_KEY: "AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8 Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8",'VISITOR_DATA': "Cgt1RGFtUGYxTktzNCirzZTgBQ%3D%3D",'DELEGATED_SESSION_ID': null,'GAPI_HOST': "https:\/\/apis.google.com",'GAPI_LOCALE': "en_US",'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_HL': "en",'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_GL': "UA",'XHR_APIARY_HOST': "youtubei.youtube.com"});ytcfg.set("ROOT_VE_TYPE", 16623);ytcfg.set("EVENT_ID", "qyYFXIGyMtiSyAXar6y4Dg");yt.setConfig({'PLAYER_CONFIG': {"assets":{"js":"\/yts\/jsbin\/player-vflBGiA6J\/en_US\/base.js","css":"\/yts\/cssbin\/player-vflDka7MU\/www-player.css"},"args":{"profile_picture":"https:\/\/yt3.ggpht.com\/-EZx-mtBjsmE\/AAAAAAAAAAI\/AAAAAAAAAAA\/_7e99nSoBIA\/s68-c-k-no-mo-rj-c0xffffff\/photo.jpg","loaderUrl":"https:\/\/studymoose.com\/can-international-law-change-the-world-essay","fexp":"23710476,23720702,23721898,23726564,23735278,23744176,23751767,23752869,23755886,23755898,23758141,23758658,23762649,23765548,23768787,23769829,23771142,23772104,23773375,23774008,23774947,23777955,23778983,23779331,23779735,23779891,23780686,23780686,2378 1156,23781581,9415425,9449243,9458110,9485000,9487165,9489038","apiary_host_firstparty":"","hl":"en_US","fflags":"html5_deadzone_multiplier=1.0\u0026html5_manifestless_accurate_sliceinfo=true\u0026html5_request_size_max_secs=31\u0026persist_text_on_preview_button=true\u0026interaction_click_on_gel_web=true\u0026defer_playability_status_fillers=true\u0026add_border_to_bulleit_mweb_skip=true\u0026mpu_visible_threshold_count=2\u0026html5_stop_video_in_cancel_playback=true\u0026bulleit_round_up_tsla=true\u0026html5_exile_broken_instances=true\u0026html5_incremental_parser_buffer_extra_bytes=16384\u0026html5_min_buffer_to_resume=6\u0026html5_manifestless_interpolate=true\u0026html5_optimality_migration=true\u0026enable_simple_preview_for_postrolls_html5=true\u0026bulleit_use_http_get_by_default_for_get_midroll_info=true\u0026html5_use_adaptive_live_readahead=true\u0026html5_suspend_loader=true\u0026html5_subsegment_readahead_seek_latency_fudge=0.5\u0026bulleit_mimic_ima_player_api_calls= true\u0026html5_elbow_tracking_tweaks=true\u0026html5_manifestless_request_prediction=true\u0026html5_jumbo_ull_nonstreaming_mffa_ms=4000\u0026enable_prefetch_for_postrolls=true\u0026html5_minimum_readahead_seconds=0.0\u0026use_always_dimmed_skip_in_bulleit_web=true\u0026spacecast_uniplayer_decorate_manifest=true\u0026king_crimson_player_redux=true\u0026html5_get_video_info_timeout_ms=30000\u0026html5_max_headm_for_streaming_xhr=0\u0026use_refreshed_overlay_buttons=true\u0026enable_bulleit_lidar_integration=true\u0026html5_suspend_manifest_on_pause=true\u0026kevlar_miniplayer=true\u0026html5_serverside_call_server_on_biscotti_timeout=true\u0026html5_subsegment_readahead_min_buffer_health_secs_on_timeout=0.1\u0026html5_request_size_min_secs=0.0\u0026html5_disable_vp8_only_browsers=true\u0026www_for_videostats=true\u0026disable_client_side_midroll_freq_capping=true\u0026use_new_style=true\u0026html5_vp9_live_blacklist_edge=true\u0026external_fullscreen_with_edu=true\u0026android_attes tation_flow=yt_player\u0026web_player_sentinel=true\u0026live_readahead_seconds_multiplier=0.8\u0026youtubei_for_web=true\u0026ad_video_end_renderer_duration_milliseconds=7000\u0026enable_bulleit_ve_single_clickthrough=true\u0026dynamic_ad_break_seek_threshold_sec=0\u0026process_extensions_in_vast_wrappers_for_survey_ads=true\u0026html5_readahead_ratelimit=3000\u0026tvhtml5_disable_live_prefetch=true\u0026unplugged_tvhtml5_video_preload_on_focus_delay_ms=0\u0026bulleit_update_tsla_cookie=true\u0026html5_manifestless_always_redux=true\u0026mweb_muted_autoplay=true\u0026html5_new_vis_fullscreen_and_airplay=true\u0026html5_subsegment_readahead_target_buffer_health_secs=0.5\u0026html5_dont_predict_end_time_in_past=true\u0026html5_manifestless_synchronized=true\u0026html5_bmffparser_use_fast_read_string=true\u0026live_fresca_v2=true\u0026html5_ultra_low_latency_streaming_responses=true\u0026ad_to_video_use_gel=true\u0026html5_disable_move_pssh_to_moov=true\u0026html5_default_quality_cap= 0\u0026html5_platform_minimum_readahead_seconds=0.0\u0026bulleit_web_dim_skip_using_css=true\u0026html5_log_playback_rate_change_killswitch=true\u0026html5_reason_reporting_migration=true\u0026legacy_autoplay_flag=true\u0026safari_enable_spherical=true\u0026html5_stale_dash_manifest_retry_factor=1.0\u0026embed_new_info_bar=true\u0026postroll_notify_time_seconds=5\u0026embed_api_deprecation=true\u0026html5_desktop_vr180_allow_panning=true\u0026skip_restore_on_abandon_in_bulleit=true\u0026web_player_assume_format3_available=true\u0026android_early_fetch_for_autoplay=true\u0026web_player_response_multicamera_parsing_killswitch2=true\u0026ad_duration_threshold_for_showing_endcap_seconds=15\u0026mweb_bulleit_show_ad_top_bar_for_phones=true\u0026desktop_videowall_companion_wta_support=true\u0026html5_prefer_server_bwe3=true\u0026html5_msi_error_fallback=true\u0026enable_text_ad_overlay_link_fix=true\u0026web_player_music_visualizer_treatment=fake\u0026use_touch_events_for_bulleit_mweb=tru e\u0026sdk_ad_prefetch_time_seconds=-1\u0026html5_tight_max_buffer_allowed_bandwidth_stddevs=0.0\u0026html5_use_hasAdvanced_for_pbs=true\u0026html5_ignore_bad_bitrates=true\u0026html5_tv_bearer=true\u0026ima_disable_reset_active_media_load_timeout=true\u0026forced_brand_precap_duration_ms=2000\u0026html5_hls_min_video_height=0\u0026disable_client_side_midroll_freq_capping_nonpc=true\u0026html5_min_secs_between_format_selections=8.0\u0026show_countdown_on_bumper=true\u0026html5_request_sizing_multiplier=0.8\u0026bulleit_remove_client_side_midroll_reactivation=true\u0026html5_view_offset=0.0\u0026html5_peak_shave=true\u0026html5_incremental_parser_coalesce_slice_buffers=true\u0026html5_preload_media=true\u0026html5_disable_audio_slicing=true\u0026html5_av1_thresh=0\u0026disable_new_pause_state3=true\u0026html5_unrewrite_timestamps=true\u0026html5_live_abr_head_miss_fraction=0.0\u0026html5_expire_preloaded_players=true\u0026web_player_attestation_auth_headers=true\u0026delay_bulleit_me dia_load_timer=true\u0026html5_cut_vss_on_visibility=true\u0026fix_gpt_pos_params=true\u0026live_chunk_readahead=3\u0026stop_using_ima_sdk_gpt_request_activity=true\u0026segment_volume_reporting=true\u0026flex_theater_mode=true\u0026desktop_shopping_companion_wta_support=true\u0026html5_live_normal_latency_bandwidth_window=0.0\u0026ima_video_ad_with_overlay_class_logging_percentage=0.01\u0026call_release_video_in_bulleit=true\u0026use_forced_linebreak_preskip_text=true\u0026html5_repredict_interval_secs=0.0\u0026enable_html5_conversion_ve_reporting=true\u0026mweb_undim_skip_button_on_ad_pause=true\u0026html5_manifestless_captions=true\u0026defer_player_config_and_threed_deciders=true\u0026html5_aspect_from_adaptive_format=true\u0026web_player_housebrand_video_url_killswitch=true\u0026use_fast_fade_in_0s=true\u0026use_new_skip_icon=true\u0026web_player_sentinel_is_uniplayer=true\u0026bulleit_use_cue_video_to_reset_on_stop_ad=true\u0026html5_max_buffer_duration=120\u0026web_player_api _logging_fraction=0.01\u0026show_thumbnail_behind_ypc_offer_module=true\u0026html5_hls_initial_bitrate=0\u0026fast_autonav_in_background=true\u0026html5_hfr_quality_cap=0\u0026html5_request_size_padding_secs=3.0\u0026mweb_autonav=true\u0026deprecate_vss_dallas_cache=true\u0026html5_allowable_liveness_drift_chunks=2\u0026preskip_countdown_font_size=\u0026enable_bulleit_for_mweb=true\u0026bulleit_register_placements_in_order=true\u0026variable_buffer_timeout_ms=0\u0026html5_fallbacks_delay_primary_probes=true\u0026html5_shrink_live_timestamps=true\u0026low_engagement_player_quality_cap=360\u0026html5_subsegment_readahead_require_whitelist=true\u0026html5_quality_cap_min_age_secs=0\u0026show_thumbnail_on_standard=true\u0026html5_enable_embedded_player_visibility_signals=true\u0026vss_dni_delayping=0\u0026html5_disable_subscribe_new_vis=true\u0026enable_mute_ad_endpoint_resolution_on_bulleit=true\u0026html5_vis_upgrades_are_resizes=true\u0026attach_child_on_gel_web=true\u0026autoplay_ti me=10000\u0026midroll_notify_time_seconds=5\u0026fixed_padding_skip_button=true\u0026allow_midrolls_on_watch_resume_in_bulleit=true\u0026html5_live_abr_repredict_fraction=0.0\u0026dash_manifest_version=5\u0026html5_license_constraint_delay=5000\u0026mweb_cougar_big_controls=true\u0026turn_down_serialized_player_request_for_bulleit_living_room=true\u0026desktop_image_companion_wta_support=true\u0026web_player_sentinel_launch=true\u0026html5_manifestless_no_redundant_seek_to_head=true\u0026html5_get_video_info_promiseajax=true\u0026html5_ad_no_buffer_abort_after_skippable=true\u0026preskip_button_style_ads_backend=\u0026bulleit_get_midroll_info_timeout_ms=8000\u0026html5_widevine_hw_secure_all=true\u0026html5_min_upgrade_health=0\u0026bulleit_block_player_pause_until_ad_start=true\u0026player_destroy_old_version=true\u0026dynamic_ad_break_pause_threshold_sec=0\u0026html5_player_autonav_logging=true\u0026html5_store_xhr_headers_readable=true\u0026use_html5_player_event_timeout=true\u00 26bulleit_send_engage_ping_on_companion_click=true\u0026enable_survey_ad_info_dialog=true\u0026send_html5_api_stats_ads_abandon=true\u0026html5_ignore_public_setPlaybackQuality=true\u0026mweb_add_ad_info_button_on_fullscreen_only_devices=true\u0026set_default_wta_if_missing_for_externs=true\u0026bulleit_use_video_end_cuerange_for_completion=true\u0026enable_live_premieres_vss_live_type_lp=true\u0026html5_probe_media_capabilities=true\u0026html5_adaptation_fix=true\u0026enable_overlays_wta=true\u0026html5_media_fullscreen=true\u0026enable_static_font_size_on_text_only_preview=true\u0026html5_post_interrupt_readahead=20\u0026html5_pause_video_fix=true\u0026player_external_control_on_classic_desktop=true\u0026playready_first_play_expiration=-1\u0026max_resolution_for_white_noise=360\u0026html5_webgl_disable_alpha=true\u0026kevlar_miniplayer_button=true\u0026html5_enable_non_diegetic=true\u0026html5_vp9_live_whitelist=true\u0026html5_bandwidth_window_size=0\u0026html5_streaming_xhr_prog ress_includes_latest=true\u0026use_ima_media_selection_in_bulleit=true\u0026mweb_cougar=true\u0026mweb_playsinline=true\u0026html5_waiting_before_ended=true\u0026html5_remove_pause=false\u0026use_full_timing_library=true\u0026html5_pipeline_ultra_low_latency=true\u0026html5_serverside_call_server_on_biscotti_error=true\u0026html5_probe_primary_delay_base_ms=0\u0026mweb_muted_autoplay_animation=shrink\u0026mweb_enable_instream_ui_refresh=true\u0026html5_fludd_suspend=true\u0026html5_playbackmanager_enable_notify_new_drm_info=true\u0026html5_widevine_robustness_strings=true\u0026html5_max_av_sync_drift=50\u0026allow_live_autoplay=true\u0026mweb_ios_handle_player_click_by_touch_event=true\u0026doubleclick_gpt_retagging=true\u0026html5_subsegment_readahead_load_speed_check_interval=0.5\u0026bulleit_terminate_ad_when_ending_with_commands=true\u0026uniplayer_dbp=true\u0026html5_live_disable_dg_pacing=true\u0026html5_background_quality_cap=360\u0026html5_progressive_fallback=true\u0026html 5_background_cap_idle_secs=60\u0026bulleit_disable_preroll_release_on_dispose=true\u0026lasr_captions_holdback_counterfactual_id=0\u0026html5_min_readbehind_cap_secs=60\u0026mweb_playsinline_webview=true\u0026html5_streaming_xhr_optimize_lengthless_mp4=true\u0026tvhtml5_min_readbehind_secs=20\u0026log_playback_associated_web=true\u0026html5_pipeline_manifestless=true\u0026html5_variability_discount=0.5\u0026html5_qoe_bearer=true\u0026html5_qoe_intercept=\u0026html5_min_readbehind_secs=0\u0026html5_playback_data_migration=true\u0026html5_video_tbd_min_kb=0\u0026web_player_kaios_autoplay=true\u0026html5_live_pin_to_tail=true\u0026html5_default_ad_gain=0.5\u0026html5_seeking_buffering_only_playing=true\u0026html5_incremental_parser_buffer_duration_secs=1.5\u0026html5_subsegment_readahead_min_buffer_health_secs=0.25\u0026html5_live_ultra_low_latency_bandwidth_window=0.0\u0026html5_jumbo_mobile_subsegment_readahead_target=3.0\u0026sdk_wrapper_levels_allowed=0\u0026bulleit_use_touch_event s_for_skip=true\u0026bulleit_publish_external_playback_events=true\u0026html5_restrict_streaming_xhr_on_sqless_requests=true\u0026html5_disable_preserve_reference=true\u0026kevlar_allow_multistep_video_init=true\u0026enable_overlay_hide_timer_fix=true\u0026enable_live_premiere_web_player_indicator=true\u0026html5_reattach_resource_after_timeout_limit=0\u0026vmap_enabled_living_room=true\u0026html5_no_placeholder_rollbacks=true\u0026html5_disable_non_contiguous=true\u0026website_actions_throttle_percentage=1.0\u0026html5_log_rebuffer_events=0\u0026html5_use_media_capabilities=true\u0026interaction_screen_on_gel_web=true\u0026html5_ad_stats_bearer=true\u0026bulleit_register_cue_range_events_before_ad_init=true\u0026html5_manifestless_shrink_timestamps=true\u0026bulleit_check_overlay_container_before_show=true\u0026html5_variability_full_discount_thresh=3.0\u0026html5_sticky_reduces_discount_by=0.0\u0026visibility_error_html_dump_sample_rate=0.01\u0026enable_afv_div_reset_in_kevlar=tru e\u0026html5_subsegment_readahead_timeout_secs=2.0\u0026html5_subsegment_readahead_min_load_speed=1.5\u0026html5_dynamic_readahead_growth_rate=0.0\u0026html5_start_date_from_element=true\u0026skip_ad_button_with_thumbnail=true\u0026html5_live_4k_more_buffer=true\u0026html5_maximum_readahead_seconds=0.0\u0026html5_delay_initial_loading=true\u0026desktop_companion_wta_support=true\u0026html5_frame_accurate_seek_limit=3\u0026html5_new_seeking=true\u0026html5_adjust_effective_request_size=true\u0026html5_variability_no_discount_thresh=1.0\u0026provide_default_wta_reasons=true\u0026desktop_cleanup_companion_on_instream_begin=true\u0026variable_load_timeout_ms=0\u0026bulleit_extract_delayed_mpu_on_all_placement_init=true\u0026html5_no_shadow_env_data_redux=true\u0026html5_probe_secondary_during_timeout_miss_count=2\u0026html5_log_hls_video_height_change_as_format_change=true\u0026playready_on_borg=true\u0026player_unified_fullscreen_transitions=true\u0026html5_inline_video_quality_survey= true\u0026html5_max_readahead_bandwidth_cap=0\u0026fix_bulleit_cue_range_seek=true\u0026html5_parse_inline_fallback_host=true\u0026bulleit_use_video_ad_div_as_overlay_container=true\u0026html5_decode_to_texture_cap=true\u0026html5_probe_live_using_range=true\u0026html5_autonav_quality_cap=0\u0026html5_streaming_xhr_buffer_mdat=true\u0026html5_creativeless_vast_on_ima=true\u0026desktop_action_companion_wta_support=true\u0026html5_live_low_latency_bandwidth_window=0.0\u0026html5_connect_timeout_secs=7.0\u0026html5_tight_max_buffer_allowed_impaired_time=0.0\u0026html5_ignore_updates_before_initial_ping=true\u0026html5_serverside_biscotti_id_wait_ms=1000\u0026web_logging_max_batch=20\u0026html5_spherical_bicubic_mode=1\u0026html5_jumbo_ull_subsegment_readahead_target=1.3\u0026lightweight_watch_video_swf=true\u0026enable_bulleit=true\u0026html5_live_no_streaming_impedance_mismatch=true","avg_rating":4.9301310044,"short_view_count_text":"37K views","embed_config":"{}","xhr_apiary_host":"y outubei.youtube.com","allow_ratings":1,"cosver":"6.1","player_error_log_fraction":"1.0","title":"Can International Law Change the World?","cver":"20181129","origin":"*","length_seconds":4740,"rel":"1","cr":"UA","cbr":"Firefox","expanded_subtitle":"121K subscribers","channel_path":"\/channel\/UCK08_B5SZwoEUk2hDPMOijQ","innertube_api_key":"AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8","iurlmq":"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/gH8yIqcG13c\/mqdefault.jpg","c":"WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER","iurlhq":"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/gH8yIqcG13c\/hqdefault.jpg","adformat":null,"el":"embedded","subtitle":"37K views †¢ 27 comments","enablejsapi":"1","is_embed":"1","subscribed":false,"cos":"Windows","vss_host":"s.youtube.com","ssl":"1","iurl":"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/gH8yIqcG13c\/hqdefault.jpg","allow_embed":1,"eventid":"qyYFXIGyMtiSyAXar6y4Dg","host_language":"en","video_id":"gH8yIqcG13c","enablecastapi":"1","ucid":"UCK08_B5SZwoEUk2hDPMOijQ","innertube_context_client_version":"20181129","feature":"oembed"," expanded_title":"London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)","view_count":37249,"cbrver":"55.0","gapi_hint_params":"m;\/_\/scs\/abc-static\/_\/js\/k=gapi.gapi.en.BstDmEhpa_Q.O\/rt=j\/d=1\/rs=AHpOoo-oqKdOJIcyAi5YyA6pahSkp_ojsw\/m=__features__","innertube_api_version":"v1","apiary_host":"","is_html5_mobile_device":false},"params":{"allowfullscreen":"true","allowscriptaccess":"always","bgcolor":"#000000"},"url":"","html5":true,"sts":17864,"attrs":{"height":"100%","width":"100%","id":"video-player"}}});writeEmbed(); ytcsi.info('st', 133);ytcfg.set({"CSI_SERVICE_NAME":"","TIMING_INFO":{"c":"WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER","yt_li":0,"yt_lt":"cold","cver":"20181129"}});;ytcfg.set({"TIMING_ACTION":"","CSI_VIEWPORT":true});; An error occurred.Try watching this video on www.youtube.com, or enable JavaScript if it is disabled in your browser. Source document